METHANE GAS EXTRACTION FROM HOUSEHOLD WASTES

Methane, which we use for cooking gas, is mainly comes from natural gas deposits that depletes over time, but now, we can extract mehane from organic household waste by simple process. First, separate organic waste (that comes from plant or animal source) from inorganic components (such as plastics and metals). The next thing is throw them into the warming bed, which involves fermentation process. In the warming bed, organic wastes are decomposed and form mixtures of gas, mainly methane and some amount of other gases. The gases extracted from wastes are directed through dirt trap to clean up gases from solid components. After that, gases runs through gas indicators. The bubbles in the water is the mark of gas presence. Sometimes, lime is dissolved in the gas indicator water to trap excess carbon dioxyde in the form of calcium carbonate. Next, purified methane gas is crossing the gas-pressure controller. Overpressured methane gas is somewhat dangerours, so it needs to create a maximum pressure boundary with a simple trick. The gas pipe is channeled to a second pipe that submerged in the water. The underwater depth of the pipe is the upper pressure limit of the gas. We can understood it in a simple physical formula ; P = 10000 . h ; where P represents upper pressure limit in pascal, and h represents depth of water in meters. Excess gas will relased in the water and cause no harms. Next step, the gas channeled to gas holder for storage, that has a weight balance to adjust gas pressure. The last step is how to use the gas, the gas is relased from the gas tap, and after that, it distributed to stoves and water heater for everyday use.

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

In typical housing, water is distributed directly from the water company through main water pipe. Main water pipe is channeled to create water distribution system in the house. Water is distributed though direct and indirect ways. Direct ways is for direct cold water use. That means water from the main water pipe is channeled directly to sinks, baths, wash basins, and toilets. Indirect ways means that water is being kept for some time in reservoirs. First reservoir is for cold water. Some water from cold reservoir is directed to second reservoir and heated. After being heated, hot water is distributed again to same appliances that use cold water, except toilets.

KUDUS TOWER

Kudus tower, is well known icon structure in my Hometown, Kudus. It was built in the 17th century as a graveyard of Sunan Kudus. It built only from red bricks without any adhesive fillings, but it was strong enough to stand until now. On the right side of the tower, there was a Sunan Kudus' Mosque. At early Ramadhan, "Dandhangan" festival was hold here, to celebrate Sunan Kudus with "Buka Luwur" ceremony.

Sewage Disposal Unit

If we need clean water, but there is only dirty water everywhere, water purification is one of the solutions. Water purification is done in sewage disposal unit. At first, the main sewage is distributed and stored in settling tank. In this tank, the undecayed solids from the sewage are removed and burned, while the polluted water are distributed to the pump house by pipes. In the pump house, the polluted water are pumped so as the water can pass the next steps in sprinkler deos. After that, the water jets and reach the rotating arms. Then, the water fall into the filter of stones and microorganisms to be purified from dust and microorganisms. The water which is pass the filter is the purified water. Then, the purified water entering river by some pipes.

Hot and Cold Water

Cold water, from the mains, are distributed into two main stripes. The water which pass the first stripe are distributed to the sink. While, the water which pass the second stripe are distributed to cold water tank and three other places that are bath, toilet, and wash basin. Then, the cold water in cold water tank are distributed to hot water tank and are given a high temperature. After the water become hotter than before, the hot water are also distributed into two stripes. The first stripe distribute hot water to sink. While the second stripe distribute hot water to bath and wash basin.

Dodol Garut

Dodol Garut is one of special food from Garut. It’s a kind of sweet sticky rice flour snack. The main substances of dodol Garut are gelatinous rice, coconut and sugar, also, it have to be cooked for 2-3 hours. On its making process, it can be added with milk, cocoa powder, butter, vegetable oil, and vanilla. Generally, the colour of dodol Garut is brown, and some kinds are blemished (combination of two colours according to its taste). In addition, it is very famous because of its sweet taste. Thus, it can be found in almost all city in Indonesia.

Sewage Disposal

The process of disposing sewage consists of three main phases. Firstly, the sewage goes trough a main sewer and enters a settling tank. At this stage, the sewage is allowed to sediment leaving undecayed solids and polluted water. The undecayed solids are removed and burned while the polluted water is driven to the pump house. After pumped, the water flows to the sprinkler beds which consist of some parts. First of all, the polluted water gets into the rotating area. After the rotating step, jets of polluted water filtered by stones and microorganism. Finally, this process yields purified water that is save to enter the river.

How Water is Distributed

How Water is Distributed

Clean water, before reaching the house, is treated in a few steps. First, it is cleaned and put through various filters to take out the entire particles such as dirt in it. Next, chemicals like chlorine and carbon is used as an addition to make the water safe, smell and taste better. After the cleaning process, the water is pumped around the country in pipes to the mains of houses in towns. Some will go straight to the kitchen sink, toilet, wash basin and bath; the rest will go up into the water tank in the attic. To get the hot water supplies, some of the water in the tank is heated and brought to the hot water tank to be next transferred to bath, basin and some other places needing the hot water.

Sewage Disposal

Sewage is disposed in three main stages. At the first stage, the polluted water from main sewer is retained in a settling tank. Inside this tank, some of solid particles in the polluted water will be able to sediment. After that, the sediment has to be removed in order to prevent the tank full of solids. This sediment, which is usually undecayed solids, then can be destroyed by burning. At the next stage, the water in the tank is transferred by a channel to a pump house. The polluted water then is pumped inside the pump house and flows through a channel to the sprinkler beds with a very high speed. At this last stage, the water is rotated inside rotating arms that have some holes on the lower surface. Jets of polluted water then come out from these holes and sprinkle throughout the holes. After the polluted water is scattered throughout the holes, it flows through beds of filter that are arranged on a brickwork wall. This filter is made by a composition of tiny stones and micro-organisms in order to filter out dissolved solids in the polluted water. Finally, the purified water can safely enter the river through a certain channel.

Sewage Disposal

Sewage Disposal

Bakpao

Bakpao is actually a kind of bread originates from Chinese. The word 'bak', which means meat, and 'pao', which means bread, clearly describes this food. What makes this bread so special is its taste. Everybody who has ever tried bakpao will definitely agree that it tastes better than ordinary bread. The flour that is used to make bakpao is different from ordinary flour. This flour is much softer and it has white color. The meat inside bakpao, which is usually chicken or pork, also adds the delicacy to this bread. This combination of softness and taste makes bakpao a very delicious bread.